International Gold Nanoparticles Definition
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are small particles of gold that range in size from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). They have unique optical and electronic properties that make them useful in a wide range of applications, including electronics, medicine, and catalysis.
The international definition of gold nanoparticles was established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 2010. According to ISO, gold nanoparticles are “spherical or near-spherical particles of gold with a diameter of less than 100 nm.” This definition excludes larger particles of gold, such as gold colloids, which are typically larger than 100 nm in diameter.
Gold nanoparticles are typically synthesized by reducing a gold salt solution with a reducing agent. The size and shape of the nanoparticles can be controlled by varying the reaction conditions. For example, smaller nanoparticles can be synthesized by using a stronger reducing agent, and larger nanoparticles can be synthesized by using a weaker reducing agent.
Gold nanoparticles have a number of unique properties that make them useful in a wide range of applications. These properties include:
* Optical properties: Gold nanoparticles have a strong absorption of light in the visible region of the spectrum. This absorption is due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the nanoparticles. The SPR is a collective oscillation of the free electrons on the surface of the nanoparticles. The wavelength of the SPR is dependent on the size and shape of the nanoparticles.
* Electronic properties: Gold nanoparticles are good conductors of electricity. This makes them useful in a variety of electronic applications, such as transistors and sensors.
* Catalytic properties: Gold nanoparticles are good catalysts for a variety of reactions. This makes them useful in a variety of applications, such as fuel cells and pollution control.
Gold nanoparticles are a versatile material with a wide range of applications. Their unique properties make them useful in a variety of fields, including electronics, medicine, and catalysis.
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