International Gold Nanoparticles Citrate
Introduction
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are ubiquitous in various scientific and technological applications due to their unique optical, electronic, and physicochemical properties. Among the different stabilizers used to synthesize AuNPs, citrate plays a significant role in controlling the particle size, shape, and stability of the resulting nanoparticles. In this article, we will explore the synthesis, properties, and applications of internationally recognized gold nanoparticles citrate.
Synthesis
Citrate-stabilized AuNPs are typically synthesized through a chemical reduction method using sodium citrate as the reducing and capping agent. The reaction involves the addition of a gold precursor (e.g., tetrachloroauric acid) to a boiling solution of sodium citrate. As the citrate ions reduce the gold ions, AuNPs are formed and stabilized by the citrate ions through electrostatic interactions.
Properties
Citrate-stabilized AuNPs possess several distinctive properties:
* Size and Shape: The size and shape of AuNPs can be controlled by varying the reaction parameters, such as the concentration of reagents and the temperature. In general, smaller AuNPs are more spherical, while larger AuNPs tend to exhibit polygonal shapes.
* Optical Properties: AuNPs exhibit strong absorption and scattering of light, giving rise to their characteristic golden color. The absorption peak wavelength is dependent on the particle size and shape.
* Stability: Citrate ions provide excellent stability to AuNPs by preventing their aggregation and oxidation. This stability allows AuNPs to be stored for extended periods without significant degradation.
Applications
Citrate-stabilized AuNPs find widespread applications in diverse fields, including:
* Biomedicine: AuNPs are used as contrast agents in imaging techniques (e.g., X-ray and photoacoustic imaging). They also serve as drug carriers and gene delivery vehicles for targeted therapy.
* Electronics: AuNPs are employed in the fabrication of electronic devices, such as transistors and sensors, due to their unique electrical and optical properties.
* Catalysis: AuNPs act as efficient catalysts for various chemical reactions, including hydrogenation, oxidation, and organic synthesis.
* Cosmetics: AuNPs are incorporated into cosmetics and skincare products to enhance skin appearance and provide antioxidant properties.
International Recognition
Gold nanoparticles citrate has gained international recognition due to its versatility and reproducibility. The International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN) has established standards for the synthesis and characterization of citrate-stabilized AuNPs, ensuring the quality and reliability of research findings worldwide.
Conclusion
Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles are invaluable tools in scientific research and technological applications. Their unique properties and international recognition make them a preferred choice for various fields. As research continues to advance, we can expect new and exciting applications for citrate-stabilized AuNPs in the future.
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