International Gold Nanoparticles Definition
Definition:
International gold nanoparticles (IGNPs) are defined as spherical, nanoscale particles of gold with a diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). They are typically synthesized through chemical reduction methods, using gold salts as precursors.
Properties:
IGNPs possess unique physical and chemical properties due to their small size and high surface area-to-volume ratio. These properties include:
* Optical properties: IGNPs exhibit intense absorption and scattering of light in the visible spectrum, resulting in their characteristic goldish-red color.
* Electrical conductivity: IGNPs are highly conductive, making them suitable for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
* Biocompatibility: IGNPs are relatively biocompatible and have shown minimal toxicity to biological systems.
* Surface functionality: The surface of IGNPs can be easily modified with organic or inorganic molecules, enabling their functionalization for specific applications.
Applications:
IGNPs have a wide range of applications in various fields, including:
* Biomedicine: Drug delivery, biosensing, photothermal therapy, and cancer diagnostics
* Electronics: Transistors, capacitors, and optical devices
* Catalysis: Chemical synthesis, environmental remediation, and fuel cells
* Materials Science: Composite materials, coatings, and nanotechnology
International Standards:
To ensure the quality and consistency of IGNPs, various international standards have been developed. These standards define specifications for the size, shape, purity, and surface properties of IGNPs. The most widely recognized standards include:
* ISO TS 80004-1:2015
* ISO/TS 27687:2008
* ASTM E2452-13
Conclusion:
International gold nanoparticles (IGNPs) are well-defined, nanoscale particles with unique properties and a wide range of applications. Their standardized specifications ensure their consistent production and performance across different laboratories and industries.
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