International Definition of Gold Nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are small, spherical particles made of gold atoms. They are typically between 1 and 100 nanometers in diameter, and they have unique optical and electronic properties that make them useful in a wide variety of applications, including electronics, medicine, and catalysis.
The international definition of gold nanoparticles was established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 2015. According to ISO, gold nanoparticles are “discrete entities having an equivalent spherical diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and consisting of a core of gold atoms that is stabilized by a capping agent.”
The capping agent is an organic molecule that helps to prevent the gold nanoparticles from aggregating. Common capping agents include citrate, glutathione, and polyethylene glycol.
Gold nanoparticles have a number of unique properties that make them useful in a variety of applications. These properties include:
* Optical properties: Gold nanoparticles have a strong absorption band in the visible spectrum, which gives them a characteristic red or purple color. The absorption wavelength depends on the size and shape of the nanoparticles.
* Electronic properties: Gold nanoparticles are good conductors of electricity. This makes them useful in electronic devices, such as transistors and solar cells.
* Catalytic properties: Gold nanoparticles are good catalysts for a variety of reactions. This makes them useful in a variety of applications, such as fuel cells and chemical synthesis.
Gold nanoparticles are a versatile material with a wide range of applications. The international definition of gold nanoparticles helps to ensure that these materials are used safely and effectively.
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