Definition of International Gold Nanoparticles
International gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are submicroscopic, spherical particles of gold with a diameter of less than 100 nanometers (nm). They are typically synthesized through chemical processes involving the reduction of gold ions (Au3+) in the presence of a stabilizing agent.
Physical Properties:
* Color: AuNPs exhibit a characteristic red to purplish-red color due to their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties. SPR is the collective oscillation of free electrons in the gold particles in response to incident light.
* Size: AuNPs can be synthesized with various sizes, ranging from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers. The particle size significantly influences their optical, electronic, and chemical properties.
* Shape: Gold nanoparticles are typically spherical, although other shapes, such as rods, triangles, and cubes, can also be synthesized.
Chemical Properties:
* Stability: AuNPs are highly stable and resistant to oxidation and corrosion due to their noble metal nature.
* Biocompatibility: Gold nanoparticles are generally considered biocompatible, making them suitable for biomedical applications.
* Surface Chemistry: The surface of AuNPs can be functionalized with various organic molecules, polymers, or biological molecules to modify their properties and facilitate their use in different applications.
Applications:
International gold nanoparticles have a wide range of applications across various fields, including:
* Biomedicine: Drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer diagnosis and treatment, biosensing
* Electronics: Semiconductor devices, transistors, electronic circuits
* Optics: Plasmonics, light scattering, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
* Catalysis: Chemical reactions, environmental remediation
* Materials Science: Nanocomposites, functional coatings
Significance:
International gold nanoparticles are a rapidly growing area of research due to their unique properties and potential applications. Their tunable size, shape, surface chemistry, and optical properties make them versatile materials for various technological advancements.
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